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Tool developped in 2015 by UNICEF and piloted in 3 countries. specificaly developped to assess and improve readiness of government for transition from WASH cluster to sector
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Strengthen the capacity of government's institutions for WASH sector coordination in humanitarian crisis
National governments are responsible to ensure a well-coordinated, strategic, adequate, coherent and effective response to humanitarian crisis occurring in their country. In some contexts, when government’s capacity to coordinate the response following humanitarian principles is overwhelmed or limited, Humanitarian Clusters may be activated. But humanitarian clusters are by essence temporary, and are responsible to build the capacity of the national government to progressively take a leading role on response coordination, with a final objective of transition from cluster to sector once adequate capacity has been reached.
When the context allows it, the strenghtening of government's capacity to coordinate the response is one of the responsibilities of the WASH coordination platform and should be embedded into in its work plan. The following standard methodology can be used:
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1 . Inventory of existing tools and initiatives
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2 . Plan a "WiE Coordination Bottleneck Analysis" workshop
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If after analysis of existing initiatives is considered not suficient, plan the organization of a 5 days WiE coordination bottleneck analysis workshop with governemental actors. It is important that key staff of WASH related Ministries, National disaster response structures, OCHA and UNICEF country office's WASH section are informed and support of the organization of the workshop, and are invitated to participate to it. You can find the workshop standard material in the Key Guidance section on top of this page.
3 . Map governement capacity
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4 . Implement the workshop
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The 5 days workshop includes:
- Short training sessions, providing to participants essential knowledge on coordination systems as defined by the Humanitarian Reform
- Working groups session, to analyse current bottlenecks preventing national government to coordinate humanitarian WASH response based on international standards. The set of criteria developed by the GWC for government-led coordination of WASH in Emergency is again used for participatory gap analysis.
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6 . Monitor the roadmap implementation
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Ensure that emergency preparedness and response processes use and support adequately local WASH market systems
Ensure Market based programming for WASH is mainstreamed in all phases of the humanitarian program cycle
Market based programming (MBP) has become a priority topic for the GWC since 2016, at the level of both coordination and response. MBP for WASH consists in ensuring WASH response are sensitive to local markets during all HPC phases. While MBP covers many different aspects, the below is related only to tasks linked to coordination. For more information regarding MBP, refer to the attachments on the top of this page. Key document includes the GWC MBP guidance (including the MBP coordination chapter), the GWC MBP evidence base study, and the ), or contact your UNICEF country office to explore possibility to implement or follow an online or face to face course on MBP for WASH in emergency.
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Local WASH markets comprise all local private, public or community actors delivering WASH related goods or services, as well as the enabling infrastructure and regulating environment. Using this broad definition of market, MBP can be associated WASH system strengthening. Market based modalities include market support as well as Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA) |
Establish partnerships with public, private and community-based actors to improve the preparedness level of local WASH markets
Many WASH market support modalities (social marketing, support to WASH policies), require long intervention time and are more adapted to preparedness phase. To respond adequately to emergency demand local market actors needs to be involved in the preparedness process, get training on the type of delivery mechanism that will be used (e.g. electronic vouchers), be informed of the required goods and services that will be required in emergency.
Ensure WASH cluster partners have the required capacity and are prepared to implement market-based modalities in emergency
Use of Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA) for WASH in emergency requires institutional and programmatic readiness, as well an having established partnership with other organization and the public/private sector. The WASH coordination platform can build the sector capacity through the implementation of MBP for WASH in emergency training, as well as requesting to be supported by a cash and market specialist, for instance from CashCAP. MBP preparedness activities should be coordination and integrated into the emergency response plan.
Coordinate the assessments of key WASH markets during preparedness phase and emergency response
Assessments of critical WASH markets are the corner stone of the Market-Based Programming for WASH. Their role is to inform subsequent WASH response analysis and planning. Assessments are better conducted at cluster level to provide meaningful results for the response analysis. They also need to be coordinated with other sectors, as WASH market systems are connected with other markets important for other sector, such as labour or construction material. The WASH coordination platform can decide to implement a market assessment through a third party such as REACH, or through an interagency mechanism. To adequately inform the inter-cluster response analysis process, humanitarian WASH sector should also be involved in other types of market-sensitive assessments, such as basic needs analyses or MPC (Multipurpose cash) feasibility assessments.
Ensure market-based modalities are considered alongside direct service delivery during response analysis and strategic planning, when relevant and appropriate
During the response analysis phase, the relevance, appropriateness and feasibility of various market and non-market-based response modalities must be assessed, and the optimal combination of modalities identified and included in the implementation strategy. This process can be done at agency level by project managers or programme coordinators, or at humanitarian response level by cluster coordinators. Interagency multimodalities response analysis requires strong intercluster leadership, and can be challenging in rapid onset emergency because of limited time available. When relevant, the coordination platform can advocate to include ‘markets awareness’ module in the WASH Quality Assurance and Accountability system set up for the response.
Coordinate the implementation of market-based modalities for WASH with cash working groups and other sectors
Some market-based modalities are WASH specific (for instance ‘WASH specific vouchers’, or ‘support to water trucking market’) and require sectoral coordination ensured by the WASH coordination platform. However, for cost effectiveness and practical reasons, WASH sector must often use existing cash delivery mechanism set up by other sectors. In addition, many market-based modalities are multisector by essence (MPC, ‘multisector vouchers’, ‘support to labour or construction market system’) which requires strong intersectoral coordination, which is often provided by Cash Working Group (CWG), or by setting up consortiums in which each consortium partners bring its specific sectoral or CVA expertise). The WASH coordination platform must represent WASH partners at CWG meetings and ensure information flow between CWG and WASH cluster meetings.
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Cash Working Groups (CWGs) have been set up in many countries, including some sub-regional CWGs depending on the context. CWGs are increasingly being formally established by, and integrated into, the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group (ICCG). CWGs aim to coordinate actions and approaches related to CVA, to develop joint activities and tools (e.g. Market Assessments, Minimum Expenditure Baskets, etc.), to provide support to clusters implementing CVA and fill coordination needs in a flexible manner |
Set up adequate monitoring and reporting system for WASH market and market-based activities of partners
The WASH coordination platform can report on the progress of the response using different mechanism, such as the W matrix or the Quality Assurance and Accountability System. Market based modalities use new processes and usually produce WASH outputs in an indirect way (support to WASH vendors, provision of voucher or cash to population etc.). When MBP is used, the WASH coordination platform should monitor MBP related processes (number of market actors supported, the number vouchers or cash distributed etc.), which can be added to the standard 3W or to inter-cluster CVA reporting mechanism. But the platform should continue capturing WASH outputs and outcomes even when MBP is used, using standard WASH indictors such as latrine constructed and used, quantity of water consumed per person and per day, water quality, use of hygiene items etc.
Evaluate the effect of MBP on the WASH response outcomes and impacts and coordinate the production of lesson learned documents
Although frequently used by other sectors, Market based Programming is still new for the WASH sector. More evidence is needed on the cost efficiency, effectiveness and impact of these modalities on WASH outcomes. Current MBP for WASH evidence and practice gaps can be found in the 2020 GWC MBP systematic review. During the response evaluation process, the WASH coordination platform must pay a special attention to market based modalities used in the response, ensure that their effect is properly monitored and reported by partners, and coordinate with the partners, UNICEF and the GWC TWiG on cash and market the production of lesson learned documents.