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Not all people affected by the crisis are in need for assistance. The part of the affected population in need for WASH support is called WASH People in Need (PIN). Refer to the “Humanitarian Profile Support Guidance” in key tools and guideline for more information on PIN figuresdetails on the difference between affected population, PIN and target.
Once all available data has been compiledthe inter-sectorial analysis has defined the drivers, scope and scale of the crisis, the WASH coordination platform analyzes it relevant data to estimate the number of People in Need (PIN) of WASH assistance. OCHA often asks sector coordinators to differentiate their PIN between acute need and moderate needs. Coordination platforms have multiple options to calculate PIN, and OCHA must provide them with viable methodology based on context.
As a start, OCHA defines the multisector datasets and the standard geographic resolution (ie the admin level at which PIN should be calculated) that should be used. From there, two approaches are possible:
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PIN number
There are no exact methodology for PIN calculation, but the two below approaches can be advised, depending on the country:
1) In data-rich countries (generally with household-level data with broad coverage)
- Identify key indicators (up to five/six, including WASH, Nutrition, Health and other relevant indicators).
- Identify thresholds for moderate PIN and acute PIN (for example less than 15 l/p/d = PIN; less than 10 l/p/d = acute PIN).
- Calculate PIN based on proportion of households that are above the agreed thresholdsA more intersectoral approach can also be used, considering that there are only few emergencies (mostly outbreaks) were WASH is a key sector, as compared to health or food security. It can then be relevant to use PIN from Health or Food Security sectors as a threshold(s) in a given area.
2) In data-poor countries (no household-level data with broad coverage)
- Identify key indicators (up to five/six, including WASH, Nutrition, Health and other relevant indicators).
- Build a severity scale for each indicator.
- Calculate average severity for a given area.
Apply arbitrary percentages for each severity scale (for example, provinces rating 1 or 2 = no PIN; provinces rating 3, PIN = 15% of the total population; provinces rating 4, PIN = 25% of total population, etc.).
In some case it can be also relevant to consider for WASH PIN calculation only the people in need of key sectors for a specific emergency (for instance Food Security in case of drought, Health in case of outbreak). In that case, use these key sector's PIN figures as starting point, and identify which of
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these people are also in need
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OCHA uses PIN figures of each sector to determine the overall PIN for response. This process will be much easier and accurate if cluster/sector have already factored-in intersectoral aspects in their calculationof WASH interventions.
Regardless of the methodology used to calculate the PIN, coordination platform should ensure a transparent process and document it, so it can be later explained and replicated.